Investigating Ice Loads on Subsea Pipelines with Cohesive Zone Model in Abaqus

Subsea pipelines and cables placed in ice-prone regions may be at risk of iceberg damage. In particular, pipes that are not buried come direct contact with keels. Knowing the range interaction forces helps to assess types magnitudes potential Experimental studies provide most valuable data about forces, while numerical modeling give insight into configurations difficult study experimentally. This work applies cohesive zone model investigate fracture behavior ice samples. Simulations performed 2D Abaqus explicit solver. Modeled from multiple simulations recorded compared understand how geometry samples affects fracture. Repeat interactions different grain conducted associated variance patterns loads. t-tests show force application angle indenter’s position significantly affect force.